3.1.70 \(\int \frac {1-x^2}{1+4 x^2+x^4} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=44 \[ \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}} \]

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.03, antiderivative size = 44, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 3, number of rules used = 2, integrand size = 20, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.100, Rules used = {1163, 203} \begin {gather*} \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[(1 - x^2)/(1 + 4*x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

ArcTan[x/Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]]/Sqrt[2] - ArcTan[x/Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]]/Sqrt[2]

Rule 203

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTan[(Rt[b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]), x] /;
FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || GtQ[b, 0])

Rule 1163

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Di
st[e/2 + (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q), Int[1/(b/2 - q/2 + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/2 - (2*c*d - b*e)/(2*q), Int[1/(b/2 +
q/2 + c*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && GtQ[b^2
- 4*a*c, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+4 x^2+x^4} \, dx &=\frac {1}{2} \left (-1-\sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{2+\sqrt {3}+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{2} \left (-1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{2-\sqrt {3}+x^2} \, dx\\ &=\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}}}\right )}{\sqrt {2}}\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [A]  time = 0.07, size = 82, normalized size = 1.86 \begin {gather*} \frac {-\left (\left (\sqrt {3}-3\right ) \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}}}\right )\right )-\sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (3+\sqrt {3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{\sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[(1 - x^2)/(1 + 4*x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

(-((-3 + Sqrt[3])*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*ArcTan[x/Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]]) - Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(3 + Sqrt[3])*ArcTan[x/Sq
rt[2 + Sqrt[3]]])/(2*Sqrt[3])

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IntegrateAlgebraic [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1-x^2}{1+4 x^2+x^4} \, dx \end {gather*}

Verification is not applicable to the result.

[In]

IntegrateAlgebraic[(1 - x^2)/(1 + 4*x^2 + x^4),x]

[Out]

IntegrateAlgebraic[(1 - x^2)/(1 + 4*x^2 + x^4), x]

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fricas [A]  time = 0.93, size = 31, normalized size = 0.70 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (x^{3} + 3 \, x\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} x\right ) \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x^2+1)/(x^4+4*x^2+1),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

1/2*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(x^3 + 3*x)) - 1/2*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*x)

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giac [A]  time = 0.16, size = 26, normalized size = 0.59 \begin {gather*} \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\pi \mathrm {sgn}\relax (x) - 2 \, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} {\left (x^{2} + 1\right )}}{2 \, x}\right )\right )} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x^2+1)/(x^4+4*x^2+1),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

1/4*sqrt(2)*(pi*sgn(x) - 2*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(x^2 + 1)/x))

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maple [B]  time = 0.02, size = 111, normalized size = 2.52 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {6}-\sqrt {2}}\right )}{\sqrt {6}-\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {6}-\sqrt {2}}\right )}{\sqrt {6}-\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {6}+\sqrt {2}}\right )}{\sqrt {6}+\sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x}{\sqrt {6}+\sqrt {2}}\right )}{\sqrt {6}+\sqrt {2}} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int((-x^2+1)/(x^4+4*x^2+1),x)

[Out]

-3^(1/2)/(6^(1/2)+2^(1/2))*arctan(2/(6^(1/2)+2^(1/2))*x)-1/(6^(1/2)+2^(1/2))*arctan(2/(6^(1/2)+2^(1/2))*x)+3^(
1/2)/(6^(1/2)-2^(1/2))*arctan(2/(6^(1/2)-2^(1/2))*x)-1/(6^(1/2)-2^(1/2))*arctan(2/(6^(1/2)-2^(1/2))*x)

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maxima [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} -\int \frac {x^{2} - 1}{x^{4} + 4 \, x^{2} + 1}\,{d x} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x^2+1)/(x^4+4*x^2+1),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

-integrate((x^2 - 1)/(x^4 + 4*x^2 + 1), x)

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mupad [B]  time = 0.08, size = 31, normalized size = 0.70 \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {2}\,\left (\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,x^3}{2}+\frac {3\,\sqrt {2}\,x}{2}\right )-\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,x}{2}\right )\right )}{2} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(-(x^2 - 1)/(4*x^2 + x^4 + 1),x)

[Out]

(2^(1/2)*(atan((3*2^(1/2)*x)/2 + (2^(1/2)*x^3)/2) - atan((2^(1/2)*x)/2)))/2

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sympy [A]  time = 0.13, size = 42, normalized size = 0.95 \begin {gather*} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \left (2 \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x}{2} \right )} - 2 \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} x^{3}}{2} + \frac {3 \sqrt {2} x}{2} \right )}\right )}{4} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate((-x**2+1)/(x**4+4*x**2+1),x)

[Out]

-sqrt(2)*(2*atan(sqrt(2)*x/2) - 2*atan(sqrt(2)*x**3/2 + 3*sqrt(2)*x/2))/4

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